Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. flashcard sets. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. All those he petitionedincluding Ferdinand and Isabella at firstrebuffed him; their nautical experts all concurred that Columbuss estimates of the width of the Atlantic Ocean were far too low. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?the renaissance apartments chicago snoopy happy dance emoji 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 Spain. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. This compass showed from four to eight directions. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Why was exploration so important to Spain? In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. With financial assistance from the maritime enthusiast Prince Henry the Navigator and the invention of lateen or triangular sails, the Portuguese opened trading routes along the African coast. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. The Portuguese took the lead. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? 27 chapters | The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Map showing the routes to the Far East. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Cortes took land from the Aztecs in what is today Mexico. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? 1531 The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Essay Sample. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. They also found a sea route to India. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. . Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. These lands comprised most of the Americas. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. As early as 1341, Portuguese sailors had made. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. As they died, new workers were needed. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. explored ante empire in Mexico. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. Create your account. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Gallery. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. . European exploration, exploration of regions of Earth for scientific, commercial, religious, military, and other purposes by Europeans, beginning about the 4th century bce. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Sources. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. Spanish . The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration quizlet? Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. This button displays the currently selected search type. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. However, the reality is far more complex. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas .
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